Weaponized Bulldozers Used to Destroy Civilian Property and
Infrastructure
Human Rights Watch
New York, November 23, 2004
Caterpillar Inc., the U.S.-based heavy equipment company, should immediately suspend sales of its powerful D9 bulldozer to the Israeli army, Human Rights Watch said today. As Human Rights Watch documented in a recent report, the Israeli military uses the D9 as its primary weapon to raze Palestinian homes, destroy agriculture and shred roads in violation of the laws of war.
“Caterpillar betrays its stated values when it sells bulldozers to Israel
knowing that they are being used to illegally destroy Palestinian homes,”
said Sarah Leah Whitson, Middle East director at Human Rights Watch.
“Until Israel stops these practices, Caterpillar’s continued sales will make
the company complicit in human rights abuses.”
In a letter to Caterpillar’s chief executive officer and board of directors,
Human Rights Watch on October 29 called on the company to cease all
sales to the Israeli military of the D9, as well as parts and maintenance
services, so long as the military continues to use the bulldozer to violate
international human rights and humanitarian law.
Caterpillar’s CEO James Owens responded to Human Rights Watch in a
letter dated November 12 by saying the company did “not have the
practical ability or legal right to determine how our products are used after
they are sold.” This head-in-the-sand approach ignores international
standards on corporate social responsibility and the requirements of
Caterpillar’s own code of conduct.
Since 2003, the United Nations has begun to develop standards for
corporations in the form of the U.N. Norms on the Responsibilities of
Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises with Regard to
Human Rights. This document states that companies should not “engage
in or benefit from” violations of international human rights or
humanitarian law and that companies “shall further seek to ensure that the
goods and services they provide will not be used to abuse human rights.”
Caterpillar’s own code of conduct requires it to consider the broad impact
of its business. The company’s Code of Worldwide Business Conduct
states that “Caterpillar accepts the responsibilities of global citizenship.”
The company’s commitment to financial success, the code says, “must
also take into account social, economic, political and environmental
priorities.”
Caterpillar makes the D9 to military specifications and sells the bulldozers
to Israel as weapons under the U.S. Foreign Military Sales Program, a
government-to-government program for selling U.S.-made defense
equipment. Once exported to Israel, the bulldozers are armoured by the
state-owned Israel Military Industries Ltd. Weighing roughly 64 tons, the
armored D9 is more than 13 feet tall and 26 feet long with front and rear
blades.
A Human Rights Watch report released last month, “Razing Rafah,”
documented the Israel Defense Force’s (IDF) systematic use of the D9
bulldozer in illegal demolitions throughout the occupied Palestinian
territories. The IDF has demolished over 2,500 Palestinian homes over the
past four years in the Gaza Strip alone, most of them without the military
necessity required by international humanitarian law.
Nearly two-thirds of those homes were in Rafah, a town and refugee camp
on Gaza’s southern border with Egypt. The Israeli military has used the
Caterpillar bulldozer to raze the homes of more than 10 percent of the
population in Rafah. The government plan to expanded a “buffer zone”
along the border would entail the destruction of hundreds more homes. In
May, the IDF destroyed more than 50 percent of Rafah’s roads and
damaged more than 40 miles of water and sewage pipes with a blade on
the bulldozer’s back known as “the ripper.”
“We found no legal justification for the senseless destruction of
infrastructure essential to the health of the civilian population,” Whitson
said.
The IDF claims the destruction is militarily necessary to block smugglers’
tunnels from Egypt and to protect its forces, which regularly come under
fire from Palestinian armed groups. Human Rights Watch found that the
IDF has failed to use well-established methods of tunnel detection and
destruction—like seismic sensors, electromagnetic induction and ground-
penetrating radar—which would obviate the need for home demolitions. In
terms of protecting its soldiers, the IDF completed construction of an
8-meter-high metal wall in 2003 but despite this extra protection, the
rate of home demolitions in Rafah tripled in comparison with the previous
two years.
A 23-year-old American activist, Rachel Corrie, was run over and killed
last year by an armored D9 when she was trying to block the bulldozer
from destroying a Rafah home. At least three Palestinians have been killed
by the bulldozer and falling debris in the last two years because they could
not flee their homes in time.
In April, a group of Caterpillar shareholders presented a resolution at the
annual shareholder meeting that called on the company to investigate
whether bulldozer sales to the Israeli military violated Caterpillar’s code
of conduct. Jewish Voice for Peace, the largest grassroots Jewish peace
group in the United States, announced today that it had resubmitted the
resolution for the 2005 shareholders meeting.
Link to Human Rights Watch’s letter to James Owens, Caterpillar CEO:
http://hrw-news.c.topica.com/maacTFFabbXKoboCihGb/
Link to Razing Rafah: Mass Home Demolitions in the Gaza Strip
http://hrw-news.c.topica.com/maacTFFabbXKpboCihGb/
Link to Jewish Voice for Peace press release:
http://hrw-news.c.topica.com/mcvuxR6abbXKuboCihGb/
For more information on the “Stop Caterpillar” Campaign:
www.catdestroyshomes.org
