All movements are systaltic. If the phase of contraction is made more stringent by the application of force, a forward galloping jump occurs in the following phase of expansion. Evolution which takes place as a result of this forward galloping jump is properly called viplava [revolution].
Similarly, if the phase of expansion is prolonged by the application of force, then the following phase of contraction will undergo greater inertia.
If any age reverts to the preceding one by the application of force that is, if the Vaeshya Age [Era of the capitalists] reverts to the Vipra Age [Era of the intellectuals] or the Vipra Age reverts to the Ks'attriya [era of the soldiers] Age we can call this vikra'nti [counter-evolution].
Similarly, the movement of the social cycle by a backward galloping jump can be called prativiplava [counter-revolution]. Neither counter-evolution nor counter-revolution lasts long. Today, in the modern world, the Ks'attriya Age and the Vipra Age are still evident in some undeveloped countries. In most developed countries the Vaeshya Age is prevalent.
In a few countries a new Ks'attriya Age has emerged following shu'dra [laborers] revolution, and in one or two places we can even see indications of the emerging Vipra Age. (Problems of the Day - 35)
