PROUT: October 2004 Archives

TRADE AND BARTER IN ANCIENT BENGAL

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By Shrii P. R. Sarkar

The meaning of the Sanskrit root verb “krii” is "exchange". An exchange may be undertaken through either money or commodities. Suppose I give someone a kilogram of rice and I get two kilograms of vegetables in exchange. This is called a "purchase". Again, suppose I give someone some cash and in exchange I get a certain amount of vegetables, say spinach. Both these transactions come within the scope of "purchases". In ancient Bengal, the exchange of commodities through barter was more popular than exchange through money. In a village market near Bolpur in Birbhum district, I once noticed a carpenter who came to sell yokes and ploughs. He returned home with a brass container in exchange for a yoke. In reply to my question, "How much did it cost you?" he said, "I got the container in exchange for my yoke."

Individual Liberty and Collective Interest

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By Ac. Krtashivananda Avt.

There is a general concept that ’to coerce a person is to deprive that person of his/her freedom’. But the question remains, ‘freedom from what?’. The liberal view is that one should be free to express one’s desires. But this is not so simple as it appears.

EXPANDING ECONOMIC THINKING

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SHRII SARKAR AND AMARTYA SEN

By Dr. Sohail Inayatullah

There is a general sense of exuberance that with the recent Nobel award going to a social welfare economist the trend away from financial markets being primary has been validated by the economics profession. It is thus heartening that the Nobel Committee has finally discovered the People's economy.

PROUTIST ECONOMICS : KEEP MONEY ROLLING

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If a business is built with the help of loans from any source, then that enterprise is termed ka'tika' in Sanskrit. Suppose someone has no capital but wants to start a business by taking a loan, then that business is called ka'tika' vyavasa'. You might have noticed that there are many countries which suffer from financial stringency, so they take loans from other countries. These loans are then used for ventures like constructing large dams on their rivers.

COOPERATIVES

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by Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar

As you know, human society is one and indivisible. A human being cannot live alone. If a person wants to drink water from a well, he or she needs a rope and a bucket, and to tie the rope one needs a hook. For all these things, the help of the others is indispensable.

In society human beings have to work jointly with others so that everybody can move forward collectively. Sama'nam ejati iti sama'jah.

FARMERS COOPERATIVES

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by Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar

Providing food, clothing, housing, education and medical treatment is most important for social security. These five minimum requirements are indispensable to raise the living standard of the people. To guarantee these, the principle of production based on consumption has to be adopted. Special emphasis should be placed on agricultural production because the provision of food is of vital importance, and for this the cooperative system should be rapidly expanded.

Progress

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Despite its advent onto this earth many thousands of years ago, humanity is not yet capable of building a well-integrated and universal society. This is in no way indicative of the glory of human intellect and erudition. You who have understood the predicament, realized the urgency, seen the naked dance of evil and heard the hypocritical and raucous laughter of the divisive forces, should throw yourself into this noble task without further delay. When the ends are just and noble, success is inevitable.

Shrii Shrii Anandamurtiji

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About this Archive

This page is a archive of entries in the PROUT category from October 2004.

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